PROTECT

Social adversity and environmental pollution are distributed across space and concentrated in communities of color and of low socioeconomic status, leading to worse health outcomes in these communites. 

In California, the increase in wildfire smoke events has likely had cascading and widespread impacts in these communities. With wildfires expected to increase in scale and frequency, there is a critical need to understand the impact of reoccuring and prolonged wildfire smoke exposure on health and how this health risk differs across communities.


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Study Objectives

Objective 1: Develop a sub-daily PM2.5 dataset

Relying on daily-averaged fine particulate matter (PM2.5) masks periods of high-intensity, short-duration exposures that could correspond to acute health responses. This work produces high-resolution, hourly PM2.5 estimates from 2018-2023 across California by assimilating a high-resolution atmospheric smoke model with dense networks of state-wide air quality monitoring data to provide inputs to future exposure models.

 

 

Explore this work using our interactive tools:

 

PROTECT Objective 1 Shiny APP

 

Objective 2: Estimate infiltration of outdoor PM2.5 into indoor residences

This work estimates how housing attributes (e.g., structure type and condition, year built, presence of air conditioning) and human behaviors (e.g., window opening, use of mechanical ventilation and/or filtration system) modify the infiltration of wildfire-specific PM2.5 into the indoor environment to provide novel insights that are vital when considering exposure risk and mitigation strategies, leveraging the growing network of low-cost Purple Air monitors in the state of California.

 

Explore this work using our interactive tools:

 

Purple Air Monitor Geography SHINY APP

 

Objective 3: Estimate the health impacts of PM2.5 during wildfire period

This work estimates the added burden of immediate (hours, days) and longer-term (weeks) exposure to PM2.5 from wildfire and non-wildfire sources on respiratory (COPD and asthma), cardiovascular (myocardial infarction and heart failure), and cerebrovascular (stroke and transient ischemic attack) emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalizations, and how these relationships are modified by social vulnerability factors (race and ethnicity, neighborhood deprivation, EJ community designation) across communities in California (represented by ~1300 zip codes).

Objective 4: Identify place-based mitigation strategy with Environmental Justice (EJ) communities

We engaged closely with community groups to better understand current mitigation behaviors and to identify place-based mitigation strategies to reduce the short-term effects of wildfire-specific PM2.5 while addressing the ongoing health risks that environmental pollution poses in Environmental Justice (EJ) communities. Our work is focused on communities in San Francisco, Richmond, and Fresno.